丁言仁英语语言学纲要考研真题答案网课视频

，共两个部分，第一部分是考研真题精选。本书精选了北京外国语大学、中山大学、南开大学等众多名校的语言学考研真题，并对考研真题提供了详细的参考答案。通过该部分，考生可以熟知考研真题的命题风格和难度。

第二部分是章节题库，严格按照丁言仁《英语语言学纲要》的章目编排，共分为8章，精选与各章内容配套的习题进行详解；我们还从指定丁言仁主编的《英语语言学纲要》为考研参考书目的名校历年考研真题中，挑选有代表性的考研真题，并参考名校的历年考研真题，对所选考研真题进行了详细的解答，所选试题基本涵盖了每章的考点和难点。

第一部分　考研真题精选

一、填空题

1. When a word appears in a variety of forms depending on its grammatical role in the sentence we say that it undergoes _____. [中山大学2018研]

【答案】inflection查看答案

【解析】曲折变化是指通过添加屈折词缀，如数，人称，限定性，体和格等来表示某词语法关系的变化。

2. ______ is the name for oppositeness relation. [北二外2015研]

【答案】Antonymy查看答案

【解析】本题考查反义的语义关系。反义关系就是相反的语义关系。

3. Phonetics is the study of ______ sounds that the human voice is capable of creating whereas phonology is the study of a subset of those sounds that constitute language and meaning. [北京邮电大学2015研]

【答案】speech查看答案

【解析】本题考查语音学和音系学的含义。语音学研究语音的发生、传递和感知。音系学研究的是语言的语音系统。换句话说，音系学研究的是说话人为表达意义而系统地选择语音的方法。

4. A principal distinction between morphology and syntax is that the former is concerned with the internal composition of a word, whereas the latter is concerned with _____ of words. [中山大学2017研]

【答案】combinations查看答案

【解析】Morphology is concerned with the internal organization of words. It studies the minimal units of meaning-morphemes and word-formation processes. Syntax is the study of the rules governing the ways different constituents are combined to form sentences in a language, or the study of the interrelationships between elements in sentence structure.

5. _____ is the study of speech sounds that the human voice is capable of creating whereas phonology is the study of a subset of those sounds that constitute language and meaning. The first focuses on chaos while the second focuses on order. [北京邮电大学2016研]

【答案】Phonetics查看答案

【解析】本题考查语音学和音系学的含义。语音学研究语音的发生、传递和感知。音系学研究的是语言的语音系统。换句话说，音系学研究的是说话人为表达意义而系统地选择语音的方法。

6. Language is a form of human communication by means of a system of _____ principally transmitted by vocal sounds. [中山大学2017研]

【答案】symbols查看答案

【解析】Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.

7. Syntax is the study of how words combine to make sentences. The order of words in sentences varies from language to language. English language, for instance, generally follows a ______ order, as in the sentence “The dog (subject) bit (verb) the man (object).” [北京邮电大学2016研]

【答案】SVO查看答案

【解析】本题考查英语句子的语序。英语句子的基本语序是主谓宾结构。

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8. In terms of the meaning expressed by words, they can be classified into ______ words and ______ words. [南开大学2007研]

【答案】lexical, grammatical查看答案

【解析】从词所表达的意义划分，词可分为词汇词和语法词。

9. A _____ typically contains a consonant or set of consonants followed by a vowel followed by another consonant or set of consonants. [中山大学2018研]

【答案】syllable查看答案

【解析】音节是超音段研究中的一个重要单位。音节必须有一个“节核”或者“韵峰”，通常由元音来承担，但有时也可以由具有成音节特征的辅音来起节核的作用，通常在节核的前后还可以有辅音丛的出现。

10. The ______ is the minimal distinctive unit in grammar, a unit which cannot be divided without destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether lexical or grammatical. [北二外2015研]

【答案】morpheme查看答案

【解析】本题考查词素的含义。词素是最小的音义结合体，其最大的特点是不能再被分割为更小的音义结合体。意思或语法功能的最小单位。

11. The type of stress which distinguishes words such as /’transpɒt/ from /tran’pɒt/ is known as _____ stress. [中山大学2018研]

【答案】word查看答案

【解析】单词重音是指一个单词内部重读音节和非重读音节的语调模式。

12. ______ is a branch of linguistics that studies the interrelationship between phonology and morphology. [南开大学2007研]

【答案】Morphophonology查看答案

【解析】形态音系学是语言学的一个分支，主要研究形态学与音系学的关系。

13. The sound [k] can be described with “________ velar stop/plosive”. [北二外2014研]

【答案】voiceless查看答案

【解析】[k] 属于清辅音，爆破音，软腭音。

14. A _____ refers to each position in a tree diagram in TG where lines meet. In each of these positions is a symbol for a grammatical category. [中山大学2018研]

【答案】constituent查看答案

【解析】成分，作为一个术语，指的是用于句子结构分析的一个语言单位，它是一个比其更大的语言单位的一部分。几个成分共同构成一个结构体。

15. The most serious defect concerns the use of semantic markers like (Human) and (Male), which, more usually called semantic components are elements of an artificial _______. [北京邮电大学2014研]

【答案】metalanguage查看答案

【解析】本题考查成分分析的弊端。通过语义特征来进行成分分析的一大弊端是这些意义特征使用的是人工化的元语言，元语言本身的含义也需进一步解释。